What is Anaemia (B12 & Folate deficiency) ❓

 Deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate 👎

 Patients have abnormally large and defective red blood cells

 Causes: pernicious anaemia (autoimmune disease resulting in less B12 absorbed), inadequate diet, drugs or other conditions (e.g. Crohn’s disease, liver disease) 🤒

What are the Symptoms of Anaemia ❓

 Headache

 Weakness/lethargy 🛌

 Indigestion/low appetite

 Bad breath 💨

 Rapid and shallow breathing

 Cognitive/visual changes 👀

How do you Diagnose Anaemia ❓

 Patient history assessment 📋

 General examination

 Blood tests (blood count, folate levels) 💉

 Liver & thyroid function blood test

How do you Treat Anaemia ❓

 Dietary advice (e.g. foods with good source or B12 or folate) 🥛

 Vitamin B12 or folate supplements

 Medication to improve absorption (hydroxocobalamin) 💊

 Monitoring of treatment 🔍

Why should I Worry about Anaemia ❓

 Severe cases can increase risk of heart failure 💔

 Can lead to complications (e.g. numbness, memory lapses)

 Can cause sterility and/or pregnancy complications 🤰